farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; FPP synthase; FPS; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; dimethylallyltranstransferase; farnesyl diphosphate synthase; geranyltranstransferase (FDPS, FPS, KIAA1293)

Function

• enzyme of isoprenoid & cholesterol biosynthesis
• catalyzes formation of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoids, & ubiquinones
• also serves as substrate for protein farnesylation & geranylgeranylation
• catalyzes sequential condensation of isopentenyl pyrophosphate with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, & then with the resultant geranylpyrophosphate to form farnesyl pyrophosphate
• isoprenoid biosynthesis;
  • farnesyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis;
    • farnesyl pyrophosphate from geranyl pyrophosphate & isopentenyl pyrophosphate: step 1/1
  • geranyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis
    • geranyl pyrophosphate from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate & isopentenyl pyrophosphate: step 1/1
• interacts with RSAD2
• interacts with HTLV-1 protein p13(II)

dimethylallyl pyrophosphate + isopentenyl pyrophosphate = pyrophosphate + geranyl pyrophosphate

geranyl pyrophosphate + isopentenyl pyrophosphate = pyrophosphate + (2E,6E)-farnesyl pyrophosphate

Cofactor: binds 3 Mg+2 per subunit

Structure

• homodimer
• belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family

Compartment

cytoplasm

Pathology

• inactivated by interferon-induced RSAD2
  • this inactivation may result of disruption of lipid rafts at the plasma membrane, & thus have an antiviral effect since many enveloped viruses need lipid rafts to bud efficiently out of the cell

Notes

• uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-67 is the initiator

More general terms

• prenyltransferase
• oligomerizing protein
• dimethylallyltransferase

Additional terms

• farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase; FPP synthase; FPS; (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase; dimethylallyltranstransferase; farnesyl diphosphate synthase; geranyltranstransferase (FDPS, FPS, KIAA1293)

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=2224
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:2224
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/134629
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P14324.html