transfusion-associated volume overload; transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO)

Etiology

• hypervolemia associated with volume of transfusion & inability excrete excess fluid
  • patients with heart failure &/or renal failure

Clinical manifestations

• respiratory distress within 6-12 hours of transfusion
• positive fluid balance
• elevated central venous pressure
• S3 heart sound

Laboratory

• serum BNP is elevated

Radiology

• chest X-ray shows pulmonary edema

Differential diagnosis

• transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
  • central venous pressure not elevate
  • usually occurs more immediately than TACO with concurrent symptoms of fever & hypotension

More general terms

• hypervolemia (extracellular volume overload)
• blood transfusion reaction

Additional terms

• transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)