sleep-related hypoventilation syndrome

Etiology

• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• obesity hypoventilation syndrome
• myxedema
• neuromuscular disease
  • muscular dystrophy
  • amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • myasthenia gravis
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome
  • phrenic nerve injury
  • poliomyelitis, post-polio syndrome
  • cervical spine injury
• kyphoscoliosis

Pathology

• impaired gas exchange while awake, further compromised by sleep

Management

• treat underlying disorder
• positive pressure ventilation
  • BiPAP with or without supplemental oxygen preferred vs CPAP
• mechanical ventilation may be needed for severe/end-stage neuromuscular disease
  • oxygen without ventilatory assistance may further decrease ventilation in patients with neuromuscular disease

More general terms

• hypoventilation
• sleep disorder
• syndrome

More specific terms

• obesity hypoventilation syndrome