nitrite in urine

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Etiology

* these organisms utilize nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor in anaerobic conditions of urinary tract during infections

false positives: urinary retention
- urine that stays in the bladder for prolonged periods of time allows only a few bacteria to produce sufficient nitrite to turm the test positive
false negative: infants who urinate very frequently
- insufficient time of urine in the bladder may not allow sufficient nitrite to acculumate prior to release from the bladder

↑ Panel of 22 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0020350.jsp
↑ Frazee BW, Enriquez K, Ng V, Alter H. Abnormal urinalysis results are common, regardless of specimen collection technique, in women without urinary tract infections. J Emerg Med. 2015 Jun;48(6):706-11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25841289 Clinical Trial.
↑ Parham NJ, Gibson GR Microbes involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction in the human large intestine. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2000 Jan 1;31(1):21-28. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10620715 Free article.
↑ Song B, Ward BB. Nitrite reductase genes in halobenzoate degrading denitrifying bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2003 Apr 1;43(3):349-57. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19719666 Free article.
↑ Brubaker L, Carberry C, Nardos R, et al American Urogynecologic Society Best-Practice Statement: Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Adult Women. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2018 Sep/Oct;24(5):321-335. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29369839 https://journals.lww.com/fpmrs/fulltext/2018/09000/american_urogynecologic_society_best_practice.2.aspx