anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] tear

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Epidemiology

  • girls are more prone to ACL injuries than boys[2] (3-fold)
  • peak incidence at 16-18 years[6]
  • 40% of injuries are attributed to noncontact mechanisms involving pivoting, cutting

Pathology

Clinical manifestations

Complications

Management

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Frobell RB et al Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial BMJ 2013;346:f232 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349407 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f232
    Frobell RB et al. A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med 2010 Jul 22; 363:331. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660401 Free article
    Levy BA. Is early reconstruction necessary for all anterior cruciate ligament tears? N Engl J Med 2010 Jul 22; 363:386. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20660407
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 LaBella CR et al Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Pediatrics. April 28, 2014. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24777218 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/04/22/peds.2014-0623.full.pdf+html
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2015, 2018, 2021.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Hewett TE et al. Current concepts for injury prevention in athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2012 Oct 9; 41:216. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23041233 Free PMC Article
  5. 5.0 5.1 Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Neuromuscular retraining intervention programs: do they reduce noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in adolescent female athletes? Arthroscopy 2014 Jan 7; 30:245. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24388450
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Rothaus C Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear NEJM Resident 360. June 12, 2019 https://resident360.nejm.org/clinical-pearls/anterior-cruciate-ligament-tear
  7. Musahl V, Karlsson J. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear N Engl J Med. 2019 Jun 13;380(24):2341-2348. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31189037 Review. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMcp1805931
  8. 8.0 8.1 Lohmander LS et al. Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear in young active adults. NEJM Evid 2023 Jun 26; [e-pub]. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38320141 https://evidence.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/EVIDoa2200287