cold injury syndrome

Etiology

• hypothermia

Epidemiology

• infants & newborns
• winter months

Clinical manifestations

• cold skin & limbs,
• sleepiness, hypotonia, inactivity (92%)
• cyanosis with bradycardia, bradypnea, & apnea (78%)
• disseminated intravascular coagulation (63%)

Laboratory

• complete blood count (CBC)
• plasma D-dimer

Complications

• death from
  • pulmonary hemorrhage
  • respiratory distress syndrome
    • pneumonia
      • sepsis
  • sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
• neurodevelopmental disorder (67%)
• cognitive impairment (4%)

Management

• intensive care unit

More general terms

• cold injury
• hypothermia
• syndrome