ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

Etiology

• iatrogenic complication of ovarian stimulation treatments for in vitro fertilization (most common)
• spontaneous

Pathology

• increased capillary permeability resulting from release of vasoactive mediators from maturation of multiple ovarian follicles
  • vascular endothelial growth factor is thought to be one of the mediators
• multiple serous & hemorrhagic follicular cysts lined by luteinized cells (hyperreactio luteinalis)

Genetics

• autosomal recessive
• associated with defects in FSHR

Clinical manifestations

• acute onset third spacing of fluid
  • pleural effusions (generally bilateral)
  • ascites
  • peripheral edema
  • hemoconcentration in severe cases
• vary from abdominal distension & discomfort to potentially life-threatening, massive ovarian enlargement & capillary leak with fluid sequestration

Laboratory

• FSHR gene mutation

Management

• supportive care, self-limited condition

More general terms

• endocrine disease
• syndrome

Database

• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/608115