low sodium diet; Na+ restriction
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Introduction
Restriction in Na+ intake, often in association with fluid restrictions. (also see dietary sodium)
Indications
Contraindications
- low sodium diet may (< 3 g Na+ excretion/day) may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk (RR=1.3) in both hypertensive & normotensive individuals[3]
Clinical manifestations
- difficulty walking up two or three flights of stairs alone[4]
Complications
- hyponatremia
- increased risk of falls in the elderly[4]
Notes
- no benefit of Na+ restriction even in patients with heart failure[1]
- benefits of Na+ restriction in patients with heart failure may be unknown[2]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Taylor RS et al Reduced Dietary Salt for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (Cochrane Review) Am J Hypertens advance online publication, July 6, 2011 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731062 <Internet> http://www.nature.com/ajh/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/ajh2011115a.html http://www.nature.com/ajh/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ajh2011115a.html Alderman MH The Cochrane Review of Sodium and Health Am J Hypertens advance online publication, July 6, 2011 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731063 <Internet> http://www.nature.com/ajh/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ajh2011117a.html
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Doukky R et al. Impact of dietary sodium restriction on heart failure outcomes. JACC Heart Fail 2016 Jan; 4:24 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738949
Hummel SL, Konerman MC. Dietary sodium restriction in heart failure: A recommendation worth its salt? JACC Heart Fail 2016 Jan; 4:36 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738950
Yancy CW. The uncertainty of sodium restriction in heart failure: We can do better than this. JACC Heart Fail 2016 Jan; 4:39. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26738951 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Mente A et al Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. Lancet. May 20, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216139 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2816%2930467-6/abstract
O'Brien E Salt - too much or too little? Lancet. May 20, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216140 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2816%2930510-4/abstract
American Heart Association strongly refutes study findings on sodium consumption. American Heart Association Comment. DALLAS, May 20, 2016 http://newsroom.heart.org/_c/573f94682cfac250e4422568/ - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lin YC, Yan HT Impact of dietary sodium restriction on falls among middle-aged and older adults: Results of an 8-year longitudinal study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2023 Sep 17. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37718504 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ggi.14669