diazoxide (Hyperstat, Hypertonalum, Proglycem)
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Introduction
Tradename: Hyperstat.
Indications
Contraindications
Caution:
- increases myocardial oxygen consumption, thus is considered a 2nd or 3rd line agent in treatment of hypertensive emergencies
Dosage
- 1-3 mg/kg up to 150 mg IV every 5-15 min
- 50-100 mg IV every 5-10 min until satisfactory blood pressure
Pharmacokinetics
- onset of action: 3-5 min
elimination via liver
1/2life = 17-31 min
Adverse effects
- tachycardia
- palpitations
- flushing
- headache
- nausea/vomiting
- aggravation of angina &/or congestive heart failure (CHF)
- hyperglycemia
- hypotension
- hypertrichosis
- pulmonary hypertension (case reports)
- improvement when diazoxide stopped[3]
Mechanism of action
- direct arterial vasodilating agent
- inhibits secretion of insulin from pancreas
- activates potassium channels
More general terms
References
- ↑ The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed. Gilman et al, eds. Permagon Press/McGraw Hill, 1996
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Deprecated Reference
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 FDA Safety Alert. July 16, 2015 Proglycem (diazoxide): Drug Safety Communication - Reports of Pulmonary Hypertension in Infants and Newborns. http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm455125.htm