tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase NSUN2 (NOL1/NOP2/Sun domain family member 2, tRNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase, tRNA methyltransferase 4 homolog, hTrm4, substrate of AIM1/Aurora kinase B, NSUN2, SAKI, TRM4)
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Function
- RNA methyltransferase
- methylates tRNAs, & possibly RNA polymerase 3 transcripts
- methylates cytosine to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) at position 34 of intron-containing tRNA(Leu)(CAA) precursors
- not Able to modify tRNAs at positions 48 or 49
- may act downstream of Myc to regulate epidermal cell growth & proliferation
- interacts with NPM1 & NCL during interphase interaction is disrupted following phosphorylation at Ser-139
- phosphorylated at Ser-139 by Aurora-B/STK12 during mitosis, which inhibits methyltransferase activity & the interaction with NPM1
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + tRNA
<-->
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + tRNA containing 5-methylcytosine
Structure
- belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily, RsmB/NOP family TRM4 subfamily
Compartment
- nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm
- concentrated in the nucleolus during interphase
- distributed in the perichromosome & cytoplasm during mitosis