double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1; RNA-editing deaminase 1; RNA-editing enzyme 1; dsRNA adenosine deaminase (ADARB1, ADAR2, DRADA2, RED1)

Function

• editing of the messenger RNAs for glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits by site-selective adenosine deamination
• edits both the GluR-B Q/R & R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently

Cofactor:

• binds 1 inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) per subunit

Structure

• contains 1 A to I editase domain
• contains 2 DRBM (double-stranded RNA-binding) domains

Alternative splicing

• named isoforms=5; 1-5
• isoform 1
  • Alu insert from position 465 to 505
  • lower catalytic activity than isoform 2
  • may be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
• isoform 2:
  • has a higher catalytic activity than isoform 1

Expression

• highly expressed in brain & heart
• expessed lower levels in placenta
• moderate expression in lung, liver & kidney
• detected in brain, heart, kidney, lung & liver (at protein level)
• isoform 5 is high expressed in hippocampus & colon

More general terms

• nucleoside deaminase
• metalloprotein
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=104
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:104
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/601218
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P78563.html