transketolase 2 (transketolase-like 1, transketolase related protein, TKTL1, TKR, TKT2)

Function

-..........-

sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
                   <-->
D-ribose 5-phosphate + D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Cofactor:

• binds 1 Ca+2 per subunit (putative)
• binds 1 thiamine pyrophosphate per subunit

Structure

• homodimer (putative)
• belongs to the transketolase family

Compartment

• cytoplasm, nucleus
• predominantly cytoplasmic & to a lesser extent nuclear

Alternative splicing

• named isoforms=3
• additional isoforms seem to exist

Expression

• expressed in fetal & adult heart, brain, lung, liver, & kidney, & in adult placenta, skeletal muscle & pancreas

Pathology

• up-regulated in various epithelial tumors
• implicated in the genetic predisposition to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
• strong TKTL1 protein expression has been correlated with aerobic glycolysis; Warburg effect & with cells which are affected by chronic complications of diabetic patients
• in colon carcinoma & urothelial carcinoma, expression (at protein level) is correlated with invasiveness of tumors & poor survival

More general terms

• transketolase family protein
• Ca+2 binding protein

Additional terms

• hexose monophosphate shunt, pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate shunt
• transketolase 2 (transketolase-like 1, transketolase related protein, TKTL1, TKR, TKT2)

Database

• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/277730
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/300044
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8277
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P51854.html