glutathione S-transferase zeta 1; maleylacetoacetate isomerase (GSTZ1)

Function

• bifunctional enzyme
• minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid & 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole
• maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI) activity
• low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl & cumene hydroperoxides
• able to catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid
• amino-acid degradation; L-phenylalanine degradation
• acetoacetate & fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 5/6

4-maleylacetoacetate <--> 4-fumarylacetoacetate

RX + glutathione <--> HX + R-S-glutathione

Cofactor: glutathione, required for the MAAI activity

Structure

• homodimer
• belongs to the GST superfamily, Zeta family

Compartment

cytoplasm (putative)

Expression

• expressed in liver > kidney, skeletal muscle & brain
• also expressed in melanocytes, synovium, placenta, breast & fetal liver & heart

Polymorphism

• SNPs in intron 1 of GSTZ1 are associated in longevity

More general terms

• glutathione transferase

Database

• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:2954
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/603758
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O43708.html
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=2954