staging of esophageal cancer

Procedure

• computed tomography (CT) & PET scan with endoscopic ultrasonography
• laparoscopy
• video-assisted thoracoscopy

Staging

Primary Tumor (T)

• Tis - non invasive, carcinoma in situ
• T1 - tumor invades lamina propria or submucosa
• T2 - tumor invades muscularis propria
• T3 - tumor invades adventitia
• T4 - tumor invades adjacent structures

Regional lymph nodes (N)

• NX - regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
• N0 - no regional nodal metastases
• N1 - regional nodal metastases
• N2 - bilateral, mobile regional nodal metastases
• N3 - fixed nodes

Distant metastases (M)

• M0 - no distant metastases
• M1 - distant metastases including cervical or celiac nodes

Stage	T	N	M
Stage 1	T1	N0	M0
Stage 2	T2	N0 or NX	MO
Stage 2a	T2-3	N0	M0
Stage 2b	T1-2	N1	M0
Stage 3	T3	any N	MO
-	T4	any N	M0
Stage 4	any T	any N	M1

More general terms

• staging of cancer

Additional terms

• esophageal cancer