immune dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

Pathology

immunological distubances induced by hyperglycemia:

• abnormalities in granulocyte adherence, chemotaxis, phagocytosis & microbicidal function
• inhibition of attachment of complement C3 to microbial surfaces

predisposition to infection:

• repetitive skin break
  • insulin injections
  • trauma related to neuropathy & vascular disease, especially diabetic foot ulcer
• diabetic women have higher rates of bacteriuria
  • more likely to develop upper urinary tract infection
• glycosuria may promote bladder colonization with Candida or Torulopsis glabrata
• rhinocerebral mucormycosis
• malignant otitis externa caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

More general terms

• mixed cellular & humoral immune dysfunction
• diabetes mellitus complication