depression in children & adolescents
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Etiology
(risk factors)
- socioeconomic status
- school environment
- higher average household income (averaged for school) negatively associated with depression
Clinical manifestations
- irritability, fear, & anxiety, & familial & social risk factors may help predict depression in children with a family history of depression[5]
Management
- safety plan
- limit access to lethal medication & weapons
- enlist a 3rd party
- establishing an emergency communication plan
- treatment of maternal depression may reduce risk of psychiatric disease in her child[3]
- early intervention for adolescents with mental health issues reduces incidence of later depression[7]
- mild depression
- consider active support & monitoring for 6-8 weeks prior to treatment[8]
- for moderate-to-severe depression or complicating factors like substance abuse, consult mental health specialist[8]
- adolescents in need of therapy
- caution using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- fluoxetine might be more effective than placebo in treating depression in children & adolescents[4]
- paroxetine & imipramine are ineffective, & even harmful, for treating major depression in adolescents[3]
- moderate-to-vigorous physical diminishes symptoms of depression in elementary school children[6]
- screening for depression >= 12 years of age[8]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Journal Watch 23(24):189, 2003 Goodman F et al, J Pediatr 143:451, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571218 Fortenberry JD, J Pediatr 143:427, 2003 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14571213 (no abstract)
- ↑ Weissman MM, Pilowsky DJ, Wickramaratne PJ, Talati A, Wisniewski SR, Fava M, Hughes CW, Garber J, Malloy E, King CA, Cerda G, Sood AB, Alpert JE, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ; STAR*D-Child Team. Remissions in maternal depression and child psychopathology: a STAR*D-child report. JAMA. 2006 Mar 22;295(12):1389-98. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16551710
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Le Noury J et al Restoring Study 329: efficacy and harms of paroxetine and imipramine in treatment of major depression in adolescence. BMJ 2015;351:h4320 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26376805
Doshi P No correction, no retraction, no apology, no comment: paroxetine trial reanalysis raises questions about institutional responsibility. BMJ 2015;351:h4629 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377109 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h4629
Henry D, Fitzpatrick T Liberating the data from clinical trials BMJ 2015;351:h4601 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377210 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h4601 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cipriani A, Zhou X, Del Giovane C et al Comparative efficacy and tolerability of antidepressants for major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a network meta-analysis. Lancet. June 8, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27289172 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2816%2930385-3/abstract
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rice F, Sellers R, Hammerton G et al Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online December 7, 2016. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926743 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2588635
Glowinski AL, Rosen MS. Prevention Targets for Child and Adolescent Depression. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online December 7, 2016. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926744 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2588633 - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zahl T, Steinsbekk S, Wichstrom L Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Symptoms of Major Depression in Middle Childhood. Pediatrics. January 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28069664 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/01/05/peds.2016-1711
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Neufeld SA, Dunn VJ, Jones PB et al Reduction in adolescent depression after contact with mental health services: a longitudinal cohort study in the UK. Lancet Psychiatry. Jan 10, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087201 Free full text <Internet> http://thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(17)30002-0/fulltext
Rice F, Eyre O, Riglin L, Potter R Adolescent depression and the treatment gap. Lancet Psychiatry. Jan 10, 2017 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28087200 Free full text <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(17)30004-4/fulltext - ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Zuckerbrot RA, Cheung AH, Jensen PS et al Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part I. Practice Preparation, Identification, Assessment, and Initial Management. From the American Academy of Pediatrics. Statement of Endorsement. Pediatrics Feb 2018, e20174081; <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483200 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/02/22/peds.2017-4081
Cheung AH, Zuckerbrot RA, Jensen PS et al Guidelines for Adolescent Depression in Primary Care (GLAD-PC): Part II. Treatment and Ongoing Management. From the American Academy of Pediatrics. Statement of Endorsement. Pediatrics February 2018 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483201 <Internet> http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2018/02/22/peds.2017-4082