vitrification
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Introduction
- vitrification is an ultra-rapid cryopreservation technique that transforms cells into a glass-like solid state without ice crystal formation
Uses
- primarily used for preserving oocytes & embryos in assisted reproductive technology[1]
Procedure
- involves exposing cells to high concentrations of cryoprotectants in minimal volumes, followed by plunging them into liquid nitrogen at temperatures reaching -196 C in < 2 seconds with cooling rates > 10,000 C/min[1]
- vitrification is the gold standard for oocyte & embryo cryopreservation
- it replaces older slow-freeze methods because it achieves significantly higher survival rates, fertilization rates, & pregnancy outcomes with less cryo-damage. [2-4]
- the warming rate is equally critical to the cooling rate
More general terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Practice Committees of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and Society of Reproductive Biologists and Technologists A review of best practices of rapid-cooling vitrification for oocytes and embryos: a committee opinion Fertil Steril. 2021 Feb;115(2):305-310. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33358335 Free article https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(20)32685-6/fulltext
- ↑ Schattman GL. CLINICAL PRACTICE. Cryopreservation of Oocytes. N Engl J Med. 2015 Oct 29;373(18):1755-60. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26510023 Review. No abstract available https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMcp1307341
Schneider JP. Cryopreservation of Oocytes. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 21;374(3):287-8. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789887 Free article. No abstract available. https://core.ac.uk/reader/151189966
Schattman GL. Cryopreservation of Oocytes. Author replies. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 21;374(3):288. doi:http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1056/NEJMc1515128. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789885 No abstract available. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc1515128 - ↑ Nagy ZP, Shapiro D, Chang CC. Vitrification of the human embryo: a more efficient and safer in vitro fertilization treatment. Fertil Steril. 2020 Feb;113(2):241-247. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32106970 Free article. Review. https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(19)32610-X/fulltext
- ↑ Mukaida T, Oka C. Vitrification of oocytes, embryos and blastocysts. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2012 Dec;26(6):789-803. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22940094