exosome; ectosome; oncosome

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Function

  • implicated in trafficking of molecules between cells[4]

Structure

Compartment

  • found in almost all biological fluids, including blood, saliva, & urine[3]

Expression

  • CD9 is a surface marker of exosomes
  • syntexin-1 is an internal exosome cargo protein[6]

Pathology

  • exosomes are released by malignant cells, travel to the distant organs, & prepare it to foster growth of metastatic cells[1][2]

Laboratory

Comparative biology

More general terms

Additional terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Komaroff AL New Hypothesis on What Allows Metastatic Deposits to Grow. NEJM Journal Watch. May 28, 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society (subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org
    Costa-Silva B et al. Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat Cell Biol 2015 May 18 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985394
  2. 2.0 2.1 Hoshino A et al. Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature 2015 Nov 19; 527:329. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524530
    Rak J. Cancer.Organ-seeking vesicles. Nature 2015 Nov 19; 527:312 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524529
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wu M, Ouyang Y, Wang Z et al Isolation of exosomes from whole blood by integrating acoustics and microfluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 2017 14(40): 10584-10589 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28923936 Free PMC Article <Internet> http://www.pnas.org/content/114/40/10584.long
  4. 4.0 4.1 Shah R, Patel T, Freedman JE Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Disease. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:958-966. Sept 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184457 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1704286
  5. 5.0 5.1 Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. Nanomicro Lett. 2021 Dec 2;14(1):3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 Free PMC article. Review.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Yan S, Jiang C, Davis JJ, Tofaris GK. Methodological considerations in neuronal extracellular vesicle isolation for alpha-synuclein biomarkers. Brain. 2023 Nov 2;146(11):e95-e97 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37224515 PMCID: PMC10629756 Free PMC article
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Liu M, Hu S, Yan N, Popowski KD, Cheng K. Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity. Nat Nanotechnol. 2024 Jan 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38212521