exosome; ectosome; oncosome
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Function
- implicated in trafficking of molecules between cells[4]
Structure
- membrane bound vesicles of endocytic origin that contain lipids, DNA, RNA, & proteins
- exosomes have a diameter of 30-150 nm[5]
Compartment
Expression
Pathology
- exosomes are released by malignant cells, travel to the distant organs, & prepare it to foster growth of metastatic cells[1][2]
Laboratory
- sound waves to may be able to separate exosomes from undiluted whole blood samples on a microchip[3]
- exosomes derived from tissues affected by disease may serve as a source of disease biomarkers
- immunocapture of neuronally derived circulating exosomes using anti-L1CAM antibodies may serve as a proxy biomarker of brain pathology
- neuronally derived extracellular vesicle alpha-synuclein Ag in serum may serve as a biomarker for prediction of alpha-synucleinopathies[6]
Comparative biology
- inhalation of IL-12 messenger RNA, encapsulated within extracellular vesicles, is preferentially taken up by cancer cells of mice with lung tumours[7]
- these extracellular vesicles promote IGN-gamma mediated immune activation, systemic immunity & immune memory resulting in tumor suppression & resistance to tumor rechallenges[7]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Komaroff AL New Hypothesis on What Allows Metastatic Deposits to Grow. NEJM Journal Watch. May 28, 2015 Massachusetts Medical Society (subscription needed) http://www.jwatch.org
Costa-Silva B et al. Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat Cell Biol 2015 May 18 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25985394 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoshino A et al. Tumour exosome integrins determine organotropic metastasis. Nature 2015 Nov 19; 527:329. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524530
Rak J. Cancer.Organ-seeking vesicles. Nature 2015 Nov 19; 527:312 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26524529 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Wu M, Ouyang Y, Wang Z et al Isolation of exosomes from whole blood by integrating acoustics and microfluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 2017 14(40): 10584-10589 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28923936 Free PMC Article <Internet> http://www.pnas.org/content/114/40/10584.long
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shah R, Patel T, Freedman JE Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Disease. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:958-966. Sept 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184457 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1704286
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. Nanomicro Lett. 2021 Dec 2;14(1):3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 Free PMC article. Review.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Yan S, Jiang C, Davis JJ, Tofaris GK. Methodological considerations in neuronal extracellular vesicle isolation for alpha-synuclein biomarkers. Brain. 2023 Nov 2;146(11):e95-e97 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37224515 PMCID: PMC10629756 Free PMC article
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Liu M, Hu S, Yan N, Popowski KD, Cheng K. Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity. Nat Nanotechnol. 2024 Jan 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38212521