extracellular vesicle; secreted vesicle

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Classification

inhalation of IL-12 messenger RNA, encapsulated within extracellular vesicles, is preferentially taken up by cancer cells of mice with lung tumours^[4]
- these extracellular vesicles promote IGN-gamma mediated immune activation, systemic immunity & immune memory resulting in tumor suppression & resistance to tumor rechallenges^[4]

extracellular vesicles* derived from tissues affected by disease may serve as a source of disease biomarkers
immunocapture of neuronally derived circulating secreted vesicles using anti-L1CAM antibodies may serve as a proxy biomarker of brain pathology

* exosomes likely extracellular vesicles of clinical significance

↑ Shah R, Patel T, Freedman JE Circulating Extracellular Vesicles in Human Disease. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:958-966. Sept 6, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184457 https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1704286
↑ Jiang C, Fu Y, Liu G, Shu B, Davis J, Tofaris GK. Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles for Biomarker Development. Nanomicro Lett. 2021 Dec 2;14(1):3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34855021 PMCID: PMC8638654 Free PMC article. Review.
↑ Yan S, Jiang C, Davis JJ, Tofaris GK. Methodological considerations in neuronal extracellular vesicle isolation for alpha-synuclein biomarkers. Brain. 2023 Nov 2;146(11):e95-e97 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37224515 PMCID: PMC10629756 Free PMC article
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Liu M, Hu S, Yan N, Popowski KD, Cheng K. Inhalable extracellular vesicle delivery of IL-12 mRNA to treat lung cancer and promote systemic immunity. Nat Nanotechnol. 2024 Jan 11. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38212521