chikungunya virus
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Epidemiology
- transmitted to humans by virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes
- epidemics in Africa & Asia
- travelers to the Caribbean[6]
- Southeast Asia, India, Sub-Saharan Africa [[7]
- identified in 17 countries or territories in the Caribbean & South America[8] (June 2014)
- local transmission of the virus first hit the Western Hemisphere in December 2013
- first likely transmission within U.S. reported by CDC in July 2014 [[[A3702|CDC]]]
- 751 known imported cases in the U.S., with local transmission in Florida (Sept 2014)[10]
Genetics
- family: Togaviridae
- genus: alphavirus
- single-stranded RNA
Clinical manifestations
- see chikungunya
Laboratory
- chikungunya virus RNA by RT-PCR
- uses nested primer pairs to amplify several Chikungunya- specific genes from whole blood
- results available in 1-2 days
- chikungunya virus non-structural protein 1 RNA
- dengue + chikungunya + zika virus RNA
- virus isolation: chikungunya virus culture (no Loinc found)
- most definitive diagnosis
- takes 1-2 weeks for completion
- must be carried out in Biosafety level 3 laboratories
- involves exposing specific cell lines to whole blood & identifying chikungunya virus-specific responses
- chikungunya virus serology
- may require a larger amount of blood than other methods
- chikungunya virus IgM in serum
- results available in 2-3 days
- false positives can occur with infection via other related viruses such as O'nyong'nyong virus & Semliki Forest Virus
- available from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Management
- see chikungunya
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Couderc T et al Prophylaxis and therapy for chikungunya virus infection. J Infect Dis 2009 Jul 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600381
Michault A and Staikowsky F. Chikungunya: First steps toward specific treatment and prophylaxis. J Infect Dis 2009 Jul 2; http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/600382 - ↑ Wikipedia: Chikungunya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chikungunya
- ↑ Communicable Diseases: Chikungunya Fever Laboratory Diagnosis of Chikungunya Fevers World Health Organization http://www.searo.who.int/EN/Section10/Section2246_12902.htm
- ↑ Chhabra M et al Chikungunya fever: a re-emerging viral infection. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008 Jan-Mar;26(1):5-12 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18227590
- ↑ Powers AM & Logue CH Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus Published online ahead of print on 31 May 2007 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.82858-0. http://www.sgm.ac.uk/jgvdirect/82858/82858ft.pdf J Gen Virol. 2007 Sep;88(Pt 9):2363-77 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17698645
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Notice to Public Health Officials and Clinicians: Recognizing, Managing, and Reporting Chikungunya Virus Infections in Travelers Returning from the Caribbean. CDC Health Advisory. Dec 13, 2013 http://emergency.cdc.gov/HAN/han00358.asp
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Geographic Distribution of Chikungunya Virus. Jan 21, 2014. http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/map/index.html
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Fischer M and Staples JE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Notes from the Field: Chikungunya Virus Spreads in the Americas - Caribbean and South America, 2013-2014. MMWR. June 6, 2014 / 63(22);500-501 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6322a5.htm
- ↑ Staples JE and Fischer M Chikungunya Virus in the Americas - What a Vectorborne Pathogen Can Do. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:887-889September 4, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184860 <Internet> http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1407698
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Hamer DH, Chen LH Chikungunya: Establishing a New Home in the Western Hemisphere. Ann Intern Med. Published online 23 September 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244354 <Internet> http://annals.org/article.aspx
- ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Chikungunya virus. http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/