organophosphate

Introduction

Toxicity:

Etiology

absorption through skin

Clinical manifestations

• bradycardia
• bronchorrhea & wheezing
• pulmonary edema
• miosis
• fasciculations
• abdominal pain

Laboratory

• plasma & erythrocyte cholinesterase levels are < 50% of normal

Mechanism of action

• cholinesterase inhibition

Management

• general
  • health care workers should be gowned & gloved
  • remove patient's clothing
  • shampoo hair
  • clean all skin surfaces
• pharmaceutical agents
  • atropine 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV every 15 min
  • pralidoxime 20-50 mg/kg IV every 2-12 hours
  • Duodote autoinjector (atropine, pralidoxime)

More general terms

• phosphomonoester
• pesticide

More specific terms

• chlorpyrifos; trichlorpyrphos (Dursban, Lorsban)
• diazinon; dimpylate; diazinone; oleodiazinon; neocidol; ciazinon
• malathion (Ovide)
• parathion
• trichlorfon (Metrifonate)

Additional terms

• organophosphate toxicity