linoleate; linoleic acid [C18:2w6]

^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

Introduction

[C18:2w6], cis-9,12 unsaturation Precursor to gamma-linolenic acid & arachidonic acid. The conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid is generally very efficient.

increased all-cause mortality from replacing saturated fat in diet with linoleic acid (omega-6) & increased cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.70)^[2]
diets high in linoliec acid may increase risk of inflammatory bowel disease^[3]

soybean oil high in linoleic acid decreases endocannabinoids protective against inflammatory bowel disease in mice^[4]

↑ Davis BC, Kris-Etherton PM. Achieving optimal essential fatty acid status in vegetarians: current knowledge and practical implications. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;78(3 Suppl):640S-646S. Review. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12936959
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ramsden CE et al Use of dietary linoleic acid for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and death: evaluation of recovered data from the Sydney Diet Heart Study and updated meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;346:e8707 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23386268 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.e8707
Calder PC Old study sheds new light on the fatty acids and cardiovascular health debate. BMJ 2013;346:f493 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23386269 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f493
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Wood NJ High dietary intake of linoleic acid more than doubles the risk of ulcerative colitis. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2010 7;65 https://www.nature.com/articles/nrgastro.2009.224
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Deol P et al Diet high in linoleic acid dysregulates the intestinal endocannabinoid system and increases susceptibility to colitis in Mice. Gut Microbes, 2023. Jan-Dec;15(1):2229945 July 3. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37400966 PMCID: PMC10321214 Free PMC article https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19490976.2023.2229945