procaine (Novocain, Spinocaine, Planocaine)
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Introduction
Tradename: Novocain. (procaine hydrochloride)
Indications
Contraindications
- cerebrospinal disease
- heart block
- hypotension
- hypertension
- bowel pathology
- GI hemorrhage
Caution:
Dosage
1%, 2%, 10% (2 mL)
Pharmacokinetics
- onset of action: within 2-5 minutes
- duration of action: 30-90 minuts
- rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma enzymes to para-amino- benzoic acid & diethylaminoethanol (80% conjugated prior to elimination)
- excreted in the urine as metabolites & some unchanged
elimination via plasma
elimination via liver
elimination via kidney
1/2life = 6.7-8.7 min
protein binding = 73-92 %
elimination by hemodialysis = -
elimination by hemoperfusion = -
elimination by peritoneal dialysis = -
Adverse effects
- not common (1-10%)
- burning sensation at site of injection, pain, tissue irritation
- uncommon (< 1%)
- aseptic meningitis resulting in paralysis, CNS stimulation followed by CNS depression, skin discoloration, nausea/vomiting, miosis, tinnitus, chills, anaphylactoid reaction
Laboratory
- specimen:
- methods: color, GLC