cyclooxygenase-1 (COX1, PGH synthase-1, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-1, PTGS1)

Function

• role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal & neoplastically transformed cells
• fatty acids biosynthesis; prostaglandin biosynthesis
• acts both as a dioxygenase & as a peroxidase
• production of prostaglandins for protection of gastric mucosal barrier & prostaglandins regulating renal blood flow
• in platelets, COX1 produces thromboxane A

Cofactor:

• binds 1 heme B (iron-protoporphyrin IX) group per subunit (putative)

Structure

• homodimer
• belongs to the prostaglandin G/H synthase family
• contains 1 EGF-like domain

Compartment

microsome membrane, peripheral membrane

Alternative splicing

named isoforms=2

Expression

• constitutionally expressed in most tissues producing prostaglandin precursors for housekeeping functions

Pharmacology

• target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• toxic effects of NSAIDs are largely due to inhibition of COX1

More general terms

• cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, COX)
• glycoprotein

Additional terms

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID)

Database

• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/176805
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P23219.html