acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC-alpha, [includes: biotin carboxylase], ACACA, ACAC, ACC1, ACCA)

Function

• catalyzes rate-limiting reaction in biogenesis of long-chain fatty acids
• carries out 3 functions:
  • biotin carboxyl carrier protein
  • biotin carboxylase
  • carboxyltransferase
• interacts in its inactive phosphorylated form with the BRCT domains of BRCA1 which prevents ACACA dephosphorylation & inhibits lipid synthesis
• long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis; 1st (rate-limiting) step
• phosphorylation on Ser-1263 is required for interaction with BRCA1

ATP + acetyl-CoA + HCO3- <--> ADP + phosphate + malonyl-CoA

ATP + biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein + CO2
                  <-->
ADP + phosphate + carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein

Cofactor:

• biotin
• binds 2 Mn+2 per subunit

Structure

• contains 1 ATP-grasp domain
• contains 1 biotin carboxylation domain
• contains 1 biotinyl-binding domain
• contains 1 carboxyltransferase domain

Compartment

cytoplasm

Alternative promoter usage

named isoforms=4

Expression

• expressed in brain, placental, skeletal muscle, renal, pancreatic & adipose tissues
• expressed at low level in pulmonary tissue
• not detected in the liver

More general terms

• acetyl CoA carboxylase
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:31;
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/200350
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q13085.html
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=31