enolase-3 (ENO3, beta-enolase)

Function

• role in striated muscle development & regeneration
• carbohydrate degradation, glycolysis pyruvate from D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, step 4/5

2-phospho-D-glycerate <--> phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O

Cofactor:

• Mg+2 required for catalysis & for stabilizing dimer

Structure

• mammalian enolase is composed of 3 isozyme subunits, alpha, beta & gamma, which can form homodimers or heterodimers which are cell-type & development-specific
• belongs to the enolase family

Compartment

• cytoplasm
• localized to the Z line
• some colocalization with CKM at M-band (putative)

Expression

• alpha/beta heterodimer & beta/beta homodimer are found in striated muscle
• during ontogenesis, there is a transition from the alpha/alpha homodimer to the alpha/beta heterodimer in striated muscle cells

Pathology

• defects in ENO3 are the cause of muscle-specific enolase-beta deficiency

More general terms

• enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase)

Database

• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13929.html
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/131370
• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=2027