apolipoprotein L1; apoL-I (APOL1, APOL)

Function

• may play a role in lipid exchange & transport throughout the body
• may participate in reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral cells to the liver
• phosphorylation sites are present in the extracellular medium
• in plasma, interacts with APOA1
• mainly associated with large HDL particles

Structure

belongs to the apolipoprotein L family

Compartment

• secreted, plasma
• found on APOA1-containing HDL (HDL3)

Alternative splicing

named isoforms=2

Expression

• expressed in pancreas, lung, prostate, liver, placenta & spleen
• secreted into plasma

Pathology

• high-risk APOL1 genotype confers risk for chronic renal failure in blacks
  • inheritance is autosomal recessive
  • high-risk alleles (G1,G2) may confer innate immunity to African trypanosomiasis
• variants of APOL1 may be associated with
  • focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
    • defects in APOL1 are the cause of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis type 4
  • hypertensive nephropathy
  • HIV-associated nephropathy

More general terms

• apolipoprotein L
• glycoprotein
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=8542
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:8542
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/603743
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/612551
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O14791.html