activities of daily living (ADL)

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Classification

Epidemiology

  • 42% of individuals > 65 years of age have an impairment in 1 or more ADL[1]
  • 78% of individuals > 85 years of age have an impairment in 1 or more ADL
  • women are more likely to report limitations in ADL
  • racial & ethnic minorities have more limitations in ADL
  • lower socioeconomic status is associated with greater limitations in ADL
  • cognitive impairment, incontinence & vision impairment confer the greatest risk for loss of ADL[2]
  • Danish nonagenarians appear to have become more independent in their activities of daily living, likely due to improved cognitive function & better living accommodations[3]

Notes

  • caregivers most likely to have need to assist with climbing stairs[1]

More general terms

More specific terms

References

  1. Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004; 7th edition 2010
    Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022
  2. Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 Cigolle, CT et al, Geriatric conditions and disability: the Health and Retirement Study Annals of Internal Medicine 2007, 147:156 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679703
  3. Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Christensen K et al. Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: A comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. Lancet 2013 Jul 11 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23849796 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60777-1/fulltext
    Rikkert MG and Melis R. Nonagenarians challenge predictions of cognitive decline. Lancet 2013 Jul 11 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23849795 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61220-9/fulltext