activities of daily living (ADL)

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Classification

Epidemiology

  • 42% of individuals > 65 years of age have an impairment in 1 or more ADL[1]
  • 78% of individuals > 85 years of age have an impairment in 1 or more ADL
  • women are more likely to report limitations in ADL
  • racial & ethnic minorities have more limitations in ADL
  • lower socioeconomic status is associated with greater limitations in ADL
  • cognitive impairment, incontinence & vision impairment confer the greatest risk for loss of ADL[2]
  • Danish nonagenarians appear to have become more independent in their activities of daily living, likely due to improved cognitive function & better living accommodations[3]

Notes

  • caregivers most likely to have need to assist with climbing stairs[1]

More general terms

More specific terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Geriatrics Review Syllabus, American Geriatrics Society, 5th edition, 2002-2004; 7th edition 2010
    Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022
  2. 2.0 2.1 Cigolle, CT et al, Geriatric conditions and disability: the Health and Retirement Study Annals of Internal Medicine 2007, 147:156 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17679703
  3. 3.0 3.1 Christensen K et al. Physical and cognitive functioning of people older than 90 years: A comparison of two Danish cohorts born 10 years apart. Lancet 2013 Jul 11 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23849796 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)60777-1/fulltext
    Rikkert MG and Melis R. Nonagenarians challenge predictions of cognitive decline. Lancet 2013 Jul 11 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23849795 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(13)61220-9/fulltext