squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus
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Etiology
- human papillomavirus
- increased incidence in homosexual men with or without HIV1 infection[6][7]
Pathology
- slow progression or anal intraepithelial neoplasia to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus[2]
Management
- treatment:
- radiation therapy plus chemotherapy
- chemotherapy consists of 5-fluorouracil + mitomycin
- 50.4 Gy radiotherapy in 28 daily fractions[4]
- surgical resection is generally avoided because it removes anal sphincter muscles necesitating a permanent colostomy[1]
- contrast with rectal cancer in which surgical resection is the method of treatment[1]
- radiation therapy plus chemotherapy
- screening not recommended[2]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 16, 18. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2012, 2018.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Machalek DA et al Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 23 March 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445259 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(12)70080-3/fulltext
Wentzensen N Screening for anal cancer: endpoints needed The Lancet Oncology, Early Online Publication, 23 March 2012 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22445258 <Internet> http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045(12)70101-8/fulltext - ↑ Meyer J, Willett C, Czito B. Current and emerging treatment strategies for anal cancer. Curr Oncol Rep. 2010 May;12(3):168-74 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20425076
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 James RD, Glynne-Jones R, Meadows HM et al Mitomycin or cisplatin chemoradiation with or without maintenance chemotherapy for treatment of squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus (ACT II): a randomised, phase 3, open-label, 2 2 factorial trial. Lancet Oncol. 2013 May;14(6):516-24. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578724
- ↑ Steele SR, Varma MG, Melton GB et al Practice parameters for anal squamous neoplasms. Dis Colon Rectum. 2012 Jul;55(7):735-49 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706125 (corresponding NGC guideline withdrawn Dec 2017)
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Park IU, Palefsky JM. Evaluation and Management of Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Negative and HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010 Mar;12(2):126-33. Epub 2010 Feb 24. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20461117 Free PMC
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 9th edition (GRS9) Medinal-Walpole A, Pacala JT, Porter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2016
- ↑ National Cancer Institute Anal Cancer - Health Professional version https://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/hp
Patient information
squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anus patient information