gastrocnemius muscle tear

Etiology

• sudden dorsiflexion of the ankle while extending the knee
• dorsiflexion of the ankle while the foot is planted on the ground

Epidemiology

• more common in middle-aged adults

Clinical manifestations

• mimics acute deep vein thrombosis
• acute onset of pain in the medial aspect of the midcalf area
• sensation of being hit in the middle part of the calf
• swelling develops in the calf & ankle in 24-48 hours
• blueish discoloration of medial ankle may occur due to downward movement of blood along fascial planes
• pain occurs while standing or walking
• eliciting Homan's sign produces pain
• medial midcalf may be tender

Radiology

• duplex ultrasound
  • assessment of popliteal space
  • rules in/out deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• magnetic resonance imaging

Management

• non-weight bearing ambulation (crutches) for 1 week
• cold compresses for 24-48 hours, followed by heat & use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
• elastic wrap (ACE bandage) to relieve edema
• most patients are free of symptoms in 4-6 weeks

More general terms

• traumatic leg injury
• muscle strain/tear

Additional terms

• calf pain
• gastrocnemius
• lower extremity edema