Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome

Etiology

• idiopathic
• may be a genetic predispositione
• may be manifestation of Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis

Epidemiology

• rare
• onset is in childhood or early adolescence

Pathology

• cranial nerve palsy

Clinical manifestations

• recurring facial paralysis
  • days to years may separate attacks
• edema of the face & lips (usually upper lip)
  • swelling may persist & increase between attacks
  • eventually becoming permanent
• development of folds & furrows in the tongue
• lip may become hard, cracked, & fissured with reddish-brown discoloration

Differential diagnosis

• Crohn's disease
• sarcoidosis

Management

• treatment is symptomatic
• nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• corticosteroids to reduce swelling
• antibiotics
• immunosuppressants
• surgery
  • relieve pressure on facial nerve & its branches,
  • reduce swollen tissue
  • effectiveness has not been established
• massage & electrical stimulation may also be prescribed
• work up for Crohn's disease & sarcoidosis

Prognosis:

• may recur intermittently
• may become chronic disorder

More general terms

• Bell's palsy; cranial nerve 7 palsy; facial nerve palsy
• syndrome

Patient information

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome patient information