pulmonary vein stenosis

Etiology

• complication of pulmonary vein isolation/ablation

Epidemiology

• 1-3% of patients who undego pulmonary vein ablation
• risk higher after multiple ablations

Clinical manifestations

• progressive dyspnea
• cough, hemoptysis &/or chest pain with more severe stenosis

Radiology

• CT angiography
• magnetic resonance angiography
• lung scintigraphy

More general terms

• venous stenosis