bladder exstrophy; ectopia vesicae

Etiology

• in part due to failed reinforcement of the cloacal membrane by underlying mesoderm

Pathology

• protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall

Clinical manifestations

• presentation is variable
• often includes anomalies of the bony pelvis, pelvic floor, & genitalia

More general terms

• urinary bladder disease