Mansonella ozzardi
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Epidemiology
- Central & South America
- certain Caribbean islands
- transmitted by:
- Culicoides (midges)
- Simulium (blackflies) [Caribbean]
Pathology
- adult worms rarely recovered from humans
- microfilariae circulate in blood without periodicity
- generally considered non-pathogenic
Clinical manifestations
- headache
- articular pain
- pulmonary symptoms
- adenopathy
- hepatomegaly
- pruritus
- individuals may be asymptomatic
Laboratory
- diagnosis is made by detection of microfilariae in peripheral blood smear (no sheaths)
- complete blood count: eosinophilia
Management
- no therapy has been proven effective
- ivermectin was effective in a single case report