pectus excavatum

Etiology

• familial (37%)
• Marfan syndrome
• spinal muscular atrophy
• celiac disease (1% of patients with celiac disease)
• Noonan syndrome

Pathology

• heart can be displaced or rotated
• mitral valve prolapse may be present

Clinical manifestations

• an inward displacement of the xiphoid resulting in a hollowed lower part of the chest
• may be congenital or may develop arount puberty

Diagnostic procedures

• echocardiography as indicated
• electrocardiogram
• pulmonary function testing

Radiology

• computed tomography of the thorax

Complications

• cardiopulmonary insufficiency (if severe)
• chest pain
• back pain

Management

• cardiothoracic surgery consult

More general terms

• developmental disorder

Additional terms

• pectus carinatum; pigeon breast; keeled chest