L-xylulose reductase; XR; carbonyl reductase II; Dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase; kidney dicarbonyl reductase; kiDCR; sperm surface protein P34H (DCXR)

Function

• catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of pentoses, tetroses, trioses, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds & L-xylulose
• uronate cycle of glucose metabolism
• water absorption & cellular osmoregulation in the proximal renal tubules
  • produces xylitol, an osmolyte
  • prevents osmolytic stress in renal tubules.

Xylitol + NADP+ <--> L-xylulose + NADPH

Structure

• homotetramer
• belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family

Compartment

• membrane-associated, via interaction with phosphatidylinositol (putative)

Expression

• expressed in kidney, liver, epididymis > brain, lung, heart, spleen, testis

Pathology

• defect in DCXR is associated with pentosuria

More general terms

• oxidoreductase
• phosphoprotein

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=51181
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:51181
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/608347
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7Z4W1.html