opiates in urine

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Reference interval

Principle

The Urine Opiate pack is used in the DuPont ACA discrete clinical analyzer to qualitatively detect opiates in human urine. It is an adaptation of Syva's homogeneous enzyme immunoassay technique, EMIT. The reagents used in this methodology are matched lots of opiate (morphine derivative) antibody & the morphine derivative- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase conjugate. The concentration of opiates in the sample determines the amount of morphine derivative-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (OPI-G6PD) conjugate that is bound to the morphine derivative antibody. The unbound conjugate catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate, with the simultaneous reduction of NAD to NADH, more rapidly than does the bound conjugate. The rate of increasing absorbance at 340 nm due to the increase in NADH is related to the concentration of opiates in the sample by means of a calibration curve or a mathematical function.

Opiates detected: ug/mL
* morphine 0.3
* codeine 0.2
* dihydrocodeine 1
* hydrocodone 1
* hydromorphone 1
* levorphanol 3
* morphine-3-glucuronide 0.5
* norcodeine 10
* oxycodone 10

Opiates NOT detected:

Clinical significance

The urine opiate assay is used to qualitatively screen opiates in human urine. This test provides only a preliminary analytical test result. A more specific alternate chemical method must be used in order to obtain a confirmed analytical result. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) is the preferred confirmatory method. Clinical consideration & professional judgement should be applied to any drug of abuse test result, particularly when preliminary positive results are used.

Specimen

Patient preparation: No special patient preparation is required.

Urine samples should be collected in clean, unbreakable, & leak proof containers. Freshly voided urine specimens should be used. If not analyzed immediately, samples should be stored refrigerated. Refrigerated storage exceeding 3 days, however, may result in positive samples with drug concentrations around 0.30 ug/mL assaying as falsely negative. Drug-free samples have not been observed to produce positive results following storage.

Samples should be within the pH range of 5-8. Samples with pH outside this range should be adjusted to this range by the addition of 1 N HCL or 1N NaOH before assaying. Specimens may be encountered that display high turbidity. It is recommended that these be centrifuged before analysis.

More general terms

Component of

References

  1. ↑ ACA IV Discrete Clinical Analyzer Instrument Manual, Volume 1: Operation, DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware, 1984.
  2. ↑ ACA IV Discrete Clinical Analyzer Instrument Manual, Volume 3B: Chemistry, DuPont Company, Wilmington, Delaware, 1984.
  3. ↑ National Institute on Drug Abuse Research, Urine testing for drugs of abuse, Monograph 73, 1986
  4. ↑ Opiates, Detection Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090312.jsp
  5. ↑ Drug Confirmation, Opiates, Urine Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090364.jsp
  6. ↑ Panel of 10 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090448.jsp
  7. ↑ Panel of 11 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090449.jsp
  8. ↑ Panel of 35 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090453.jsp
  9. ↑ Panel of 13 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090454.jsp
  10. ↑ Panel of 8 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090491.jsp
  11. ↑ Panel of 9 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0090492.jsp
  12. ↑ Panel of 6 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092182.jsp
  13. ↑ Panel of 6 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092183.jsp
  14. ↑ Panel of 8 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092184.jsp
  15. ↑ Panel of 8 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092185.jsp
  16. ↑ Panel of 10 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092186.jsp
  17. ↑ Panel of 10 tests Laboratory Test Directory ARUP: http://www.aruplab.com/guides/ug/tests/0092187.jsp
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