beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase; beta-carotene dioxygenase 1 (BCMO1, BCDO, BCDO1)

Function

• vitamin A biosynthesis
• symmetrically cleaves beta-carotene into retinal (2)
• 3 steps
  • epoxidation of the 15,15'-double bond
  • hydration of the double bond leading to ring opening
  • oxidative cleavage of the diol formed

beta-carotene + O2 <--> 2 retinal

Cofactor: binds 1 Fe+2 ion per subunit (putative)

Structure

belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family

Expression

• expressed in retinal pigment epithelium > kidney, testis, liver, brain, small intestine, colon

Pathology

• defects in BCMO1 are the cause of autosomal dominant hypercarotenemia & vitamin A deficiency

More general terms

• hydroxylase; monooxygenase

Database

• Entrez gene: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Graphics&list_uids=53630
• Kegg: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?hsa:53630
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/115300
• OMIM: https://mirror.omim.org/entry/605748
• UniProt: http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9HAY6.html