febrile seizure
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Etiology
- related to rise in temperature
- increased incidence with infections with:
Epidemiology
- 6 months to 5 years of age
- generally 6 months to 3 years of age; 97% prior to 48 months of age (CDC)
- 2-5% of infants
Genetics
- genetic variations in SEZ6 may be involved in susceptibility to febrile convulsions
Clinical manifestations
- majority are simple febrile seizures
- generalized onset
- single seizures with a duration of < 30 minutes
- complex febrile seizures are less ocmmon
- focal onset
- duration > 30 minutes, &/or more than one seizure in a 24 hour period
Laboratory
- no laboratory tests routinely indicated[4]
- lumbar puncture (LP) should be performed only if meningitis is suspected[4]
Diagnostic procedures
- electroencephalogram (EEG) not indicated in an otherwise neurologically healthy child with a simple febrile seizure
Radiology
- routine neuroimaging not necessary, even for complex febrile seizures*[2][4]
* defined by duration 15-30 minutes, multiple episodes, or focality
Complications
Management
- intravenous diazepam 0.3 mg/kg
- intranasal midazolam 0.2 mg/kg
- treatment not recommended for most patients[3]
- long term seizure prophylaxis generally NOT indicated
More general terms
More specific terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ Journal Watch 20(17):139, 2000
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Teng D et al. Risk of intracranial pathologic conditions requiring emergency intervention after a first complex febrile seizure episode among children. Pediatrics 2006 Feb; 117:304-8. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452347
DiMario FJ Jr. Children presenting with complex febrile seizures do not routinely need computed tomography scanning in the emergency department. Pediatrics 2006 Feb; 117:528-30. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452375 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Prescriber's Letter 15(9): 2008 Simple Febrile Seizures Detail-Document#: http://prescribersletter.com/(5bhgn1a4ni4cyp2tvybwfh55)/pl/ArticleDD.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=PRL&pt=3&fpt=25&dd=240911&pb=PRL (subscription needed) http://www.prescribersletter.com
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures. Clinical practice guideline - Neurodiagnostic evaluation of the child with a simple febrile seizure. Pediatrics 2011 Feb; 127:389. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285335
- ↑ NINDS Febrile Seizures Information Page https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Febrile-Seizures-Information-Page
Patient information
febrile seizure patient information