hypocalcemia

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Introduction

Most cases of hypocalcemia are due to low plasma albumin

Etiology

(causes of true hypocalcemia)

* when serum calcium is maintained by resorption of bone, IV bisphosphonate may precipitate hypocalcemia[4]

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

Diagnostic procedures

Differential diagnosis

Management

acute hypocalcemia

chronic hypocalcemia (also see hypoparathyroidism)

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. Manual of Medical Therapeutics, 28th ed, Ewald & McKenzie (eds), Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1995, pg 495
  2. Saunders Manual of Medical Practice, Rakel (ed), WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pg 665-667
  3. Mayo Internal Medicine Board Review, 1998-99, Prakash UBS (ed) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1998, pg 215-217
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 1998, 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2022.
    Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 Board Basics. An Enhancement to MKSAP19. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2022
  5. 5.0 5.1 ARUP Consult: Hypocalcemia The Physician's Guide to Laboratory Test Selection & Interpretation https://www.arupconsult.com/content/hypocalcemia
    Hypocalcemia Testing Algorithm https://arupconsult.com/algorithm/hypocalcemia-testing-algorithm
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Iwasaki Y, Asai M, Yoshida M, Oiso Y, Hashimoto K. Impaired parathyroid hormone response to hypocalcemic stimuli in a patient with hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia. J Endocrinol Invest. 2007 Jun;30(6):513-6 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17646727
  7. 7.0 7.1 Geriatric Review Syllabus, 11th edition (GRS11) Harper GM, Lyons WL, Potter JF (eds) American Geriatrics Society, 2022
  8. Bouillon R, Carmeliet G. Vitamin D insufficiency: definition, diagnosis and management. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;32(5):668-684 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30449548 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1521690X18301143
  9. 9.0 9.1 NEJM Knowledge+ Endocrinology
  10. 10.0 10.1 NEJM Knowledge+ Nephrology/Urology