extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

^[1]^[2]

Indications

treatment of kidney stones stones 1-1.5 cm in kidney or upper urinary tract (renal pelvis or upper ureter)
can be used for stones in the renal pelvis & proximal ureter
less effective for stones located in the mid/distal ureter or the lower pole calyx
less effective for larger stones (>15 mm), & hard stones (calcium oxalate monohydrate or cystine)

↑ Medical Knowledge Self Assessment Program (MKSAP) 20 American College of Physicians, Philadelphia 2025
↑ Almeras C, Abid N, Meria P; lithiasis committee of the French Association of Urology (CLAFU). 2022 recommendations of the AFU lithiasis committee: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Prog Urol. 2023;33:812-824. PMID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37918981