anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA)
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Introduction
An Al(OH)3 precipitated preparation of Bacillus anthracis protective antigen from an attenuated, non encapsulated strain of B anthracis (Sterne).
(See 'Virulence factors' under Bacillus anthracis.)
Indications
- exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores
- risk of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores
- postexposure prophylaxis, especially exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores
Dosage
(administration)
- 0.5 mL SQ
- repeat doses at 2 & weeks, then at 6, 12 & 18 months
- 5 doses (total) for pre-exposure primary series[2]
- IM injection for pre-exposure primary series[2][4]
- boosters annually; booster can be given every 3 years[4]
- may be administered concurrently with antibiotics for suspected exposure
- 60 days of antimicrobial prophylaxis in conjunction with 3 doses of AVA for previously unvaccinated persons after exposure to aerosolized Bacillus anthracis spores[2]
Notes
- 2 inoculations afforded protection to rhesus monkeys against inhalation anthrax
- AVA provides protection against cutaneous anthrax in humans
- there is a need for vaccines with better protection & a simpler schedule[1]
- no new vaccines in last decade[2]
More general terms
Additional terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dixon TC et al Anthrax. N Engl J Med 1999, 341:815 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477781
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Wright JG et al Use of Anthrax Vaccine in the United States Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR); July 23, 2010 / 59(rr06);1-30 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651644 <Internet> http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5906a1.htm corresponding NGC guideline withdrawn Jan 2016
- ↑ Lowes R Anthrax Vaccine Approved for Postexposure Protection. Medscape Oncology. Nov 24, 2015 http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/854945?nlid=91968_3663&src=wnl_edit_newsal&uac=40275SJ&impID=899989&faf=1
FDA News Release. November 23, 2015 FDA approves vaccine for use after known or suspected anthrax exposure. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm474027.htm - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bower WA, Schiffer J, Atmar RL, et al. Use of Anthrax Vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019. MMWR Recomm Rep 0019;68(No. RR-4):1-14 https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/rr/rr6804a1.htm