football
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Introduction
Complications
- trauma
- cerebral concussion
- tackle football begun before age 12 may increase risk of traumatic brain injury in professional football players[1]
- 16 of 40 retired National Football League players show MRI evidence of traumatic brain injury[2]
- chronic traumatic encephalopathy found in all but 1 of 111 donated brains from retired National Football League players (99%)[4]
- no increase risk of suicide in ex-NFL players[3]
- no increase risk of all-cause mortality[5]
More general terms
References
- ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 Stamm JM et al. Age of first exposure to football and later-life cognitive impairment in former NFL players. Neurology 2015 Jan 28 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632088
Filley CM and Bernick C. Children and football: A cautionary tale. Neurology 2015 Jan 28 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632092 - ↑ Jump up to: 2.0 2.1 American Academy of Neurology. Press Release. April 11, 2016 Study: More than 40 Percent of Retired NFL Players Had Brain Injury. https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/1453
- ↑ Jump up to: 3.0 3.1 Lehman EJ et al Suicide Mortality Among Retired National Football League Players Who Played 5 or More Seasons. Am J Sports Med May 5, 2016 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27159317 <Internet> http://ajs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/05/04/0363546516645093.abstract
- ↑ Jump up to: 4.0 4.1 Mez J, Daneshvar DH, Kiernan PT et al Clinicopathological Evaluation of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Players of American Football. JAMA. 2017;318(4):360-370 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742910 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2645104
Rabinovici GD Advances and Gaps in Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. From Pugilists to American Football Players. JAMA. 2017;318(4):338-340. <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28742889 <Internet> http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2645082 - ↑ Jump up to: 5.0 5.1 Venkataramani AS, Gandhavadi M, Jena AB et al Association Between Playing American Football in the National Football League and Long-term Mortality. JAMA. 2018;319(8):800-806. February 1, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392304 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2671028
DeKosky ST, Jaffee M, Bauer R. Long-term Mortality in NFL Professional Football Players. No Significant Increase, but Questions Remain. JAMA. 2018;319(8):773-775. February 1, 2018 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29392297 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2671709