winged scapula

Etiology

• serratus anterior weakness
• rhomboids may be weak
• facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
• pectoralis minor may be short

Epidemiology

• normal posture in young children, but not older children or adults

Clinical manifestations

• medial border or inferior angle of the scapul protudes backward
• complete flexion or external rotation of the shoulder may restricted

Management

• preventative/corrective exercises
• scapulopexy

More general terms

• musculoskeletal disease/disorder