respiratory tract infection

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Introduction

Includes:

Pathology

  • when air is forced over moist respiratory mucosa, it will generate more virus-laden respiratory particles
  • symptomatic patients are more likely to have active infection, more likely to have a large burden of virus, & more likely to be spreading virus into the surrounding air because they are coughing, sneezing, or breathing heavily
  • respiratory emissions are densest closest to their source
    • in poorly ventilated spaces, virus-laden aerosols can accumulate, leading to higher inocula & greater risk for infection even if distanced from source
  • a longer time of exposure to virus-laden aerosols, increases probability of infection[7]

Clinical manifestations

Laboratory

* Loincs listed for 'Respiratory virus'; indication(s) unclear

Radiology

Complications

* Editorialist not impressed. Absolute risk is very low, No evidence that attempt to treat would mitigate risk.[2]

Management

Comparative biology

Notes

* it is not known how many of these prescriptions may have been appropriate

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Little P et al Delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies for respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic, factorial, randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2014;348:g1606 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603565 <Internet> http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g1606
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hills NK et al Timing and number of minor infections as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Neurology. August 20, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142897 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2014/08/20/WNL.0000000000000752
    Marquardt L A common cold is no stroke of luck. Risk for cerebral ischemia in Children. Neurology. August 20, 2014 <PubMed> PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142898 <Internet> http://www.neurology.org/content/suppl/2014/08/20/WNL.0000000000000752.DC1/WNL.0000000000000760.pdf
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Gulliford MC, Moore MV, Little P et al Safety of reduced antibiotic prescribing for self limiting respiratory tract infections in primary care: cohort study using electronic health records. BMJ 2016;354:i3410 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378578
    Del Mar C. Antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections in primary care: Fresh reassurance that reducing prescribing is safe. BMJ 2016 Jul 5; 354:i3482 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27381415
  4. Loinc
  5. 5.0 5.1 Gerber JS, Ross RK, Bryan M et al Association of Broad- vs Narrow-Spectrum Antibiotics With Treatment Failure, Adverse Events, and Quality of Life in Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infections. JAMA. 2017;318(23):2325-2336 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29260224 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2666503
  6. 6.0 6.1 Dvorin EL, Lamb MC, Monlezun DJ et al. High frequency of systemic corticosteroid use for acute respiratory tract illnesses in ambulatory settings. JAMA Intern Med 2018 Feb 26 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29482204
  7. 7.0 7.1 Klompas M, Baker M, Rhee C What Is an Aerosol-Generating Procedure? JAMA Surg 2020. Dec 15 PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33320188 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.6643
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Mao T, Kim J, Pena-Hernandez MA et al. Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024 Apr 30; 121:e2319566121. PMID: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38648490 PMCID: PMC11067057 Free PMC article https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2319566121