Alzheimer's disease (AD)

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Introduction

Classifcation:

Etiology

Epidemiology

  • 4 million persons in USA affected
    • 4th leading cause of death; 46,000 deaths/year
    • deaths due to Alzheimer's disease rose 71% from 2000-2013[29]
    • deaths due to Alzheimer disease 36.9 per 100,000 in 1st quarter of 2017[34]
  • 35% of dementia pure AD; 15% mixed AD/vascular dementia
  • 5% age 65-74; 15-25% age 75-84; 35-50% > 85 years of age
  • prevalence of 42% by age 82 years[33]
  • 70% of women & 17% of men > age 90 (ADAMS study, 2006)
  • prevalence of neuropathologically-defined AD may be substantially higher than clinically-defined AD (2x)[8]
  • < 1/2 of patients or their caregivers with Alzheimer's disease acknowledge being told of the diagnosis[28]
  • costliest disease to society
    • cost of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease & other types of dementia in 2015 are estimated at $226 billion[29]

Pathology

see pathology of Alzheimer's disease

Genetics

see genetics of Alzheimer's disease

History

Clinical manifestations

grossly, function is lost in Alzheimer's disease in a reversal of the order that it was acquired during development.[22]

also see dementia for general features

* may also be present with early-onset AD

Diagnostic criteria

Laboratory

Diagnostic procedures

Radiology

Complications

Differential diagnosis

Management

Notes

More general terms

More specific terms

Additional terms

References

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Patient information

Alzheimer's disease patient information

Database